Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Effects of (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-(3″- O -methyl) Gallate

doi: 10.3390/ijms20163993

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protective effect of 3″Me-EGCG against ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. ( a ) HaCaT cells were pre-incubated with 3″Me-EGCG and UVB-irradiated as indicated. After 48 h, cell viability was examined by MTT assay. ( b ) Images of HaCaT cells after 3″Me-EGCG treatment and UVB irradiation. Images were captured using an optical microscope. ( c ) Whole lysate of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells was for immunoblotting using phospho- or total antibodies against AKT1 and AKT2. β-actin was used as a loading control. ( d ) The cell viability of 3″Me-EGCG- or LY294002 (20 μM)-treated HaCaT cells in the presence of UVB was determined by MTT assay. ( e ) HA-AKT1, NF-κB-Luc, and β-galactosidase plasmids were transfected into HEK293T cells, and the cells were treated with 3″Me-EGCG (0–12.5 μM). NF-κB-mediated luciferase activity was measured by a luminometer. A β-galactosidase construct was used as a control. ## p <0.01 compared to normal group and * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 compared to normal (untreated) or positive (induced) group. -: not treated and +: treated.

Article Snippet: Cells were irradiated with 30 mJ/cm 2 UVB (UVB lamp, Bio-link crosslinker BLX-312; Vilber Lourmat, Collegien, France).

Techniques: Irradiation, Incubation, MTT Assay, Microscopy, Western Blot, Control, Transfection, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Construct

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Potential Photoprotective Effect of Dietary Corn Silk Extract on Ultraviolet B-Induced Skin Damage

doi: 10.3390/molecules24142587

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. DPPH and ABTS antioxidative assay of corn silk (CS) extracts and the general details of SKH-1 mice during the experiment. Antioxidative effects of CS extracts were determined by DPPH (A) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (B). For the assays, CS extracts at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 mg/mL and DPPH or ABTS solution were mixed at a ratio of 1:4 and 1:99. Body weight (C), food intake (D), liver weight (E), and spleen weight (F) of the mice were not significantly different across all groups (n = 8~10 per group) including normal control group (NOR), UVB-irradiated group (UVB), UVB-irradiated and low CS- (2 g/kg/day) treated group (CSL), and UVB-irradiated and high CS- (4 g/kg/day) treated group (CSH). Values are mean ± SD. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s post-hoc test. Different lowercase letters over bars (a, b, c, d, e) represent significant statistical differences (p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Cells were irradiated with UVB in Chambres Noires darkrooms (Vilber, France) under a UVB light lamp (VL-6 MC; Vilber, France) emitting 315 nm.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control, Irradiation

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Potential Photoprotective Effect of Dietary Corn Silk Extract on Ultraviolet B-Induced Skin Damage

doi: 10.3390/molecules24142587

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Effects of corn silk (CS) extract on UVB-induced wrinkle formation in the dorsal skin of SKH-1 mice at the end of the study (week 19). Photographs of the replica, replica analysis, and the backs of the mice (A), Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections (original magnification 100×) (B), epidermal thickness (C), skinfold thickness (D), mean of skin wrinkle depression volume (E), mean depression area (F), maximum depth (G), and wrinkle length (H) are presented for normal group (NOR), UVB-irradiated group (UVB), UVB-irradiated and low CS- (2 g/kg/day) treated group (CSL), UVB-irradiated and high (4 g/kg/day) CS-treated group (CSH). Values are mean ± SD. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s post-hoc test. Means with different lowercase letters (a, b, c, d) represent statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Bars with the same letters are not significantly different.

Article Snippet: Cells were irradiated with UVB in Chambres Noires darkrooms (Vilber, France) under a UVB light lamp (VL-6 MC; Vilber, France) emitting 315 nm.

Techniques: Staining, Irradiation

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Potential Photoprotective Effect of Dietary Corn Silk Extract on Ultraviolet B-Induced Skin Damage

doi: 10.3390/molecules24142587

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Effect of corn silk (CS) extract on the expression of PCNA and Ki67 in UVB-irradiated hairless mice skin. Representative images of immunohistochemical staining of PCNA (A) and Ki-67 (B) are shown. Immunostaining of each gene is depicted as brown areas at the original magnification of ×200. PCNA (C) and Ki-67 (D) were quantified using ImageJ software. Representative Western blot image and protein levels of PCNA (E) in mouse skin tissue are shown (repeated five times). Values are mean ± SE of the percentages of positive nuclear staining in the skin tissue or protein levels. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Duncan’s post-hoc test. Bars accompanying different lowercase letters (a, b, c, d) represent statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), whereas the same letters represent no significant difference. Group abbreviations: Normal group (NOR), UVB-irradiated group (UVB), UVB-irradiated and low CS- (2 g/kg/day) treated group (CSL), UVB-irradiated and high CS- (4 g/kg/day) treated group (CSH).

Article Snippet: Cells were irradiated with UVB in Chambres Noires darkrooms (Vilber, France) under a UVB light lamp (VL-6 MC; Vilber, France) emitting 315 nm.

Techniques: Expressing, Irradiation, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Immunostaining, Software, Western Blot

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Potential Photoprotective Effect of Dietary Corn Silk Extract on Ultraviolet B-Induced Skin Damage

doi: 10.3390/molecules24142587

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Effect of corn silk (CS) extract on collagen fiber content in UVB-photoaged mouse skin. Collagen fibers were stained with Masson’s trichrome (MT) (A) and Verhoeffe Van Gieson (VVG) (B). Representative histological images of collagen in mouse skin tissue are presented at an original magnification of ×200. Collagen staining by MT and VVG appears blue and red, respectively. Staining density of MT (C) and VVG (D) are shown, respectively. Western blotting detected MMP-9 (E), TIMP-1 (F), TGF-β (G), p-SMAD2/SMAD2 (H), and α-tubulin expression levels in the UVB-irradiated dorsal skin protein extract of hairless mouse by using specific antibodies for each protein. Blot image is a representation of three individual experiments. The blots were quantified using ImageJ software and the signal intensities were normalized to the value of α-tubulin, except for p-SMAD2, which was normalized to the expression of SMAD2. The mRNA expression of procollagen type 1 was assessed by q-PCR analysis and was normalized to the intensity value of GAPDH, quantified using ImageJ (I). Values are mean ± SE. Mean values not assigned with the same letter (a, b, c, d) are significantly different, analyzed by ANOVA (p < 0.05). Group abbreviations: Normal group (NOR), UVB-irradiated group (UVB), UVB-irradiated and low (2 g/kg/day) CS-treated group (CSL), UVB-irradiated and high (4 g/kg/day) CS-treated group (CSH).

Article Snippet: Cells were irradiated with UVB in Chambres Noires darkrooms (Vilber, France) under a UVB light lamp (VL-6 MC; Vilber, France) emitting 315 nm.

Techniques: Staining, Western Blot, Expressing, Irradiation, Software

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Potential Photoprotective Effect of Dietary Corn Silk Extract on Ultraviolet B-Induced Skin Damage

doi: 10.3390/molecules24142587

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Effect of Corn Silk (CS) extract on antioxidant gene expressions in response to UVB-induced oxidative stress in mouse skin and liver. The UVB-induced formation of DNA/RNA damage marker, 8OHdG, was detected by immunohistochemistry. Representative images (A) and quantification (B) of the staining are shown. MDA in the skin tissue was measured by the TBARS assay (C). Oxidative stress in the blood was determined by the leukocyte comet assay and plasma glutathione concentration. DNA damage was detected by the tail DNA (%) (D) and tail length (µm) (E). Plasma glutathione (GSH) concentrations were compared (F). Nrf2 protein levels were assessed by Western blot and a representative image of the blot is shown (G). The mRNA expression of catalase (H) and SOD1 (I) are shown as assessed by q-PCR. Values are mean ± SE. Values with different letters (a, b, c, d) indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05), as analyzed by one-way ANOVA. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, student t-test. Abbreviations: Normal group (NOR), UVB-irradiated group (UVB), UVB-irradiated and low (2 g/kg/day) CS-treated group (CSL), UVB-irradiated and high (4 g/kg/day) CS-treated group (CSH).

Article Snippet: Cells were irradiated with UVB in Chambres Noires darkrooms (Vilber, France) under a UVB light lamp (VL-6 MC; Vilber, France) emitting 315 nm.

Techniques: Marker, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, TBARS Assay, Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis, Clinical Proteomics, Concentration Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Irradiation

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Potential Photoprotective Effect of Dietary Corn Silk Extract on Ultraviolet B-Induced Skin Damage

doi: 10.3390/molecules24142587

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. Effect of corn silk (CS) extract on inflammatory gene expressions in UVB-irradiated mice skin and liver. Protein expressions of IL-1β (A), COX-2 (B), and iNOS (C) in mouse skin, and iNOS in mouse liver (D) were assessed by Western blot analysis and their representative images of multiple independent experiments (n = 3) are presented. Protein results of iNOS in mouse liver is shown in (F) and its representative blot image is shown in (E). Results are expressed as mean ± SE. Mean values sharing different letters (a, b, c, d) over bars are significantly different (p < 0.05), as analyzed by ANOVA. * p < 0.05, student t-test.

Article Snippet: Cells were irradiated with UVB in Chambres Noires darkrooms (Vilber, France) under a UVB light lamp (VL-6 MC; Vilber, France) emitting 315 nm.

Techniques: Irradiation, Western Blot

Journal: Marine Drugs

Article Title: Isaridin E Protects Against UVB-Induced Photoaging by Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway and Alleviating Mitochondrial Dysfunction

doi: 10.3390/md24030112

Figure Lengend Snippet: Assessment of the protective effect of ISE on UVB-induced skin photoaging in vivo. ( A ) Representative photographs of BALB/c mouse dorsal skin after 28 days of UVB irradiation, with hematoxylin and eosin- and Masson-stained sections shown for histological evaluation. ( B ) Data on the body weight of BALB/c mice after 28 consecutive days of irradiation. ( B – E ) Endpoint measurements included body weight, back skin thickness, recovery time, and transepidermal water loss in each group. ( F – M ) Representative Western blotting and quantitative bar graphs showing Collagen 1, Collagen 3, MMP9, MMP3, P53, P21, and γ-H2AX protein levels in the mouse dorsal skin among different groups. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. n = 6 independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Cells were washed twice with PBS and exposed to UVB irradiation (311 nm; PL-S9W/01, Philips, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) at a dose of 60 J/cm 2 to induce cellular senescence.

Techniques: In Vivo, Irradiation, Staining, Western Blot